[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance]-023

[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance]   وَالمَقْتُولُ مَيِّتٌ بِأَجَلِهِ، وَالمَوْتُ قائِمٌ بِالْمَيِّتِ، مَخْلُوقٌ للَّهِ تَعَالَى، لاَ صُنْعَ لِلْعَبْدِ فِيهِ تَخْلِيقًا وَلاَ اْكْتِسَابًا، 023- A slain person is dead at his appointed time, [[death is firmly established in the dead, a creation of God and humans have no making (ṣanuʿ) in…

[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance]-022

[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance] وَمَا يُوجَدُ مِنَ الأَلَمِ فِي المَضْرُوبِ عَقِيبَ ضَرْبِ إِنْسَانٍ، وَالانْكِسَارُ فِي الزُّجَاجِ عَقِيبَ كَسْرِ إِنْسَانٍ وما أشبهُ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ مَخْلُوقٌ للَّهِ تَعَالَى، لاَ صُنْعَ لِلعبدِ فِي تَخْلِيقِهِ. 022- Pain that exists in the one beaten as the consequence of being beaten by a person, or…

[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance]-021

[Legal responsibility of human action and God’s sustenance and guidance]   وَالاسْتِطَاعَةُ مَعَ الْفِعْلِ، وَهِيَ حَقِيقَةُ الْقُدْرَةِ الَّتِي يَكُونُ بِهَا الْفِعْلُ، وَيَقَعُ هذَا الاسْمُ عَلَى سَلاَمَةِ الأَسْبَابِ وَالآلاتِ وَالْجَوَارِحِ، وَصِحَّةُ التَّكْلِيفِ تَعْتَمِدُ هذِهِ الاسْتِطَاعَةَ. وَلاَ يُكَلَّفُ الْعَبْدُ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي وِسْعِهِ. 021- Ability (istṭāʿa) accompanies the actions, and it is the real essence of power…

[God the creator and the actions of His creatures]-020

[God the creator and the actions of His creatures]   وَلِلْعِبَادِ أَفْعَالٌ اخْتِيَارِيَّةٌ، يُثَابُونَ بِهَا ويُعاقبونَ عَلَيْهَا. وَالحَسَنُ مِنْهَا بِرِضَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَالْقَبِيحُ مِنْهَا لَيْسَ بِرِضَائِهِ تَعَالَى. 020- Humans have voluntary (ikhtīār) actions for which they are rewarded or punished. And the good (ḥasan) in these is by the statisfaction (riḍāʾ) of God, the exalted,…

[God the creator and the actions of His creatures]-019

[God the creator and the actions of His creatures] واللَّهُ تَعَالَى خالِقٌ لأَفْعَالِ الْعِبَادِ، مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَالإِيمَانِ، وَالطَّاعَةِ وَالْعِصْيَانِ، وَهِيَ كُلُّهَا بِإِرَادَتِهِ، وَمَشِيئَتِهِ وَحُكْمِهِ، وَقَضِيَّتِهِ، وَتَقْدِيرِهِ. 019- God, the exalted, is the Creator (khāliq) of all human actions (āfʿāl) whether of unbelief (kufr) or belief (īmān), of obedience (ṭāʿa) or of disobedience (ʿiṣyān). And they…

[The vision of God in the hereafter]-018

[The vision of God in the hereafter] وَرُؤْيَةُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالْبَصَرِ جَائِزَةٌ فِي الْعَقْلِ، وَاجِبَةٌ بِالنَّقْلِ، وَقَدْ وَرَدَ الدَّلِيلُ السَّمْعِيُّ بِإِيجَابِ رُؤْيَةِ المُؤْمِنِين اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي الدَارِ الآخِرَةِ، فَيُرَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لاَ فِي مَكانٍ وَلاَ عَلَى جِهَةٍ مِنْ مُقَابَلَةٍ أَوِ اتِّصَالِ شُعَاعٍ أَوْ ثُبُوتِ مَسَافَةٍ بَيْنَ الرَّائِي وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. 018- And the vision (rūʾyā)…

[Attribute of Creation and Will]-016

[Attribute of Creation and Will] وَالتَّكْوِينُ صِفَةٌ للَّهِ تَعَالَى أَزَلِيَّةٌ، وَهُوَ تَكْوِينُهُ لِلْعَالَمِ وَلِكُلِّ جُزْءٍ مِنْ أَجْزَائِهِ [لاَ فِي الأَزَلِ] لِوَقْتِ وُجُودِهِ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ المُكَوَّنِ عِنْدَنَا. 016- And creating (takwīn) is an attribute of God from all eternity (azalīya). And it is God’s creating the world and every one of its parts, not in eternity,…

[Attribute of Speech]-015

[Attribute of Speech]   وَالْقُرْآنُ كَلاَمُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ، وَهُوَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي مَصَاحِفِنَا، مَحْفُوظٌ فِي قُلُوبِنَا، مَقْرُوءٌ بِأَلْسِنَتِنَا، مَسْمُوعٌ بِآذَانِنَا، غَيْرُ حَالٍّ فِيهَا. 015-The Qurʾān, the speech of God, the exalted, is uncreated (ghayr makhlūq) and it is written in our [codices / muṣḥaf] volumes, preserved in our hearts, recited by our tongues, heard…

[Attribute of Speech] -014

[Attribute of Speech] وَهُوَ مُتَكَلِّمٌ بِكَلامٍ هُوَ صِفَةٌ لَهُ، أَزَلِيَّةٌ، لَيْسَ مِنْ جِنْسِ الحُرُوفِ وَالأَصْوَاتِ، وَهُوَ صِفَةٌ مُنَافِيَةٌ لِلسُّكُوتِ وَالآفَةِ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُتَكَلَّمٌ بِهَا آمِرٌ نَاهٍ مُخْبِرٌ. 014- He speaks with [a kind of] Speech which is one of His attributes, from all eternity (azalī), not of the genus of letters (ḥarf) and sounds (ṣawt). It…